Notas de casa: Agua en la CDMX

¿Cómo esta la situación hídrica en la Ciudad de México?

La situación del agua en la Ciudad de México se ha convertido en una de las problemáticas más críticas que enfrenta la región. Los habitantes de la CDMX encaramos de forma cotidiana la crisis del agua, y la resiliencia creativa de los “chilangos” se ha vuelto nuestra mejor aliada.

Vivimos en condiciones poco favorables: según CONAGUA (2019), la Ciudad de México cuenta con una alta vulnerabilidad hídrica, con un grado de presión de 182%, superando a todas las otras regiones del país. El volumen de agua renovable per cápita es el más bajo de todo el país con tan solo 55 m3 por habitante al año, variable de región a región dentro de la ciudad, apenas por encima de lo establecido por el derecho humano al agua. Se estima que el 97% del volumen de agua consumido en la Ciudad de México pertenece al abastecimiento público.

Esta demás decir que abastecer de agua potable a una ciudad de más de 21.8 millones de habitantes en la zona conurbada, no es una labor sencilla, especialmente con un crecimiento poblacional estimado de 11.6%. De acuerdo con el Sistema de Aguas de la Ciudad de México tan solo el 70% de la población del territorio cuenta con un servicio de agua potable aceptable en calidad y suficiencia, mientras que 26% de la población recibe agua potable por tandeo, y el 4% restante recibe agua de calidad insuficiente.

Para esto, la ciudad hace esfuerzos titánicos: cerca del 36% del agua empleada en la ciudad se importa de cuencas en el Estado de México, recorriendo más de 160 kilómetros a través del Sistema Lerma Cutzamala, el cual consume la misma energía eléctrica que la ciudad de Puebla. Actualmente, el Sistema de presas del Lerma-Cutzamala se encuentra azorado por la peor sequía en más de 30 años, provocando que las presas se encuentren por debajo del 50% de su capacidad, vulnerando el abastecimiento de agua del poniente de la ciudad.

Por otro lado, el resto del agua de la ciudad, 64%, proviene de fuentes subterráneas, es decir, del acuífero del Valle de México.  El uso indiscriminado de estos recursos hídricos ha provocado la sobreexplotación del acuífero, representando un déficit de 507 millones de metros cúbicos al año, lo suficiente para llenar el Estadio Azteca unas 280 veces. Además, la extracción indiscriminada de agua del subsuelo en el territorio capitalino provoca hundimientos del suelo que van desde 0.8 m a 1.4m al año. Por tanto, se estima que el acuífero de la zona Metropolitana deje de ser viable como principal fuente de abastecimiento entre los años 2056 y 2066 de acuerdo con la PAOT.

En los últimos meses se han registrado sismos con epicentro en la Ciudad de México, resultado evidente de fallas en el subsuelo, muy posiblemente causados por la sobreexplotación de acuíferos. Con los antecedentes sísmicos de la ciudad, estos episodios no anunciados esconden miedo debajo de nuestras almohadas y dejan ver una crisis que va más allá de la disponibilidad hídrica.

El enorme crecimiento urbano de la región está provocando un conflicto territorial que da pie a diversas problemáticas hídricas, que impactan directamente en la salud de los territorios y los ecosistemas, así como en el bienestar de los habitantes de la región. La afectación a áreas de captación y recarga de agua al subsuelo, así como la falta de control de uso de suelo en zonas de recarga y zonas con elevada vulnerabilidad acuífera, han contribuido negativamente a las condiciones pesimistas del acuífero del Valle de México, así como la vulneración a la integridad de los subsuelos de la ciudad.

 

La CDMX es mi casa, mi cuna y mi lugar favorito en el mundo, por lo que el panorama que veo en materia de agua, me aterra.

Veo condiciones heterogéneas en la dotación de servicios de agua potable que vulneran el derecho humano al agua de muchas comunidades en la ciudad.

Veo la centralización de recursos y esfuerzos en favor de la capital, porque exportamos las aguas residuales a otros territorios, contaminando el suelo y enfermando a comunidades, e importamos el agua de otras cuencas, contribuyendo a la escasez hídrica en territorios vecinos. 

Veo el despilfarre, ya que perdemos más del 40% de agua en fugas en la red, antes de que esta llegue a nuestros hogares.

Veo que nuestro uso del agua en la CDMX lejos de ser sustentable está provocando enormes riesgos hídricos que cuelgan sobre nuestras cabezas como la espada de Damocles.

Pero no pierdo la esperanza porque existe aún un camino por recorrer: la articulación de esfuerzos intersectoriales e interdisciplinarios, la innovación y la participación ciudadana son los cimientos para construir la democracia hídrica, y con ello la mejora necesaria de nuestra situación en la ciudad.

El agua es un instrumento para la paz.

 

    Mamá
    June 17, 2023

    Te amoooo

    Verónica Schreck
    June 17, 2023

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    En cada uno de nosotros está hacer la diferencia, sin embargo, la solución primaria está en manos del gobierno.

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